Single-phase alternating-current commtjtator-motor



G. H. GARCELON AND C. A. M. WEBER. SINGLE muss ALTERNATING CURRENT commumpn moron.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJI. 191?. I

1,400,047, Patented Dec. 13, 1921 INVENTOR WITN ESSESI 6earge f/ 6arce/an 5 01m 613m 24 ai/Mum Weber ZJ F96. Fly

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE H. GAB/CELON, OF SWIS SVALE, AND CLIFFORD A. ltL WEBER, OF EDGEWOOD PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFAC- TURDTG COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANLA.

SINGLE-PHASE ALTERNATINGLCUBRENT commurarronmo'ron.

Specification of Letters l atent. Patented Dec. 13, 1921 Application filed Aug-11st 11,11917. Serial No. 185,707.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Gnonon H. GARCELON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, and CLH* FORD A. M. WEBER, a' citizen of the United States; and a resident of Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and State'of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Single-Phase Alternating-Gurrent Commutat'or-Motors, of which the following is'a' specification. p Our invention'relates to alternating-cur rent motors of the single phase commutator type and it has for; its object to provide a motor of the character designated that may be started with a minimum'of line disturb ance andwith ample torquej'an'd which shall thereafter operate with substantially uniform speed, irrespective of the-load, having a speedcharacteristic similar to that of the ordinary shunt 'motor.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a. diagrammatlc view of a motor embodying our'invention in a preferred form; Fig. 2 1S a' fragmentary'sectional view of'a ortion' of the motor shown in Fign'lg'an d 3-to '7', inclusive, are fragmentary views similar to Fig. 2and'illustrating modified-forms of-' our invention:

Single-phase alternating-current motors of the commutator type are widely used-"on account of their desirable starting characteristics, namely; high starting .tor'que. and low starting current. 'For constant-speed work itis customary to provide motors of this type with: a governing device which short circuits the commutator in the-running position or to employ an 'auxiliaryiset of brushes to limit the no-load speed. Defices of this character are undesirable on account'of complication and alsoare expensive in manufacture and subject to fail ure duringoperation. i

In accordance with our invention, we em ploy a single-phase commutator machine having a stator windin of the usual type and having a rotor mem er provided with a commutated" winding and, in addition thereto, a short-circuited or squirrel-cage Winding of high inherent reactancc. Said squirrel-cage winding is prcfe'rably closely associated with the commutated winding, as will hereinafter more fully appear;

Referring to the drawing, we show a motor at 5 inFig. 1, said motor comprising an armature '6 and exciting field windings 7 and 8: The armature 6 is provided with a winding 9 similar to that of an'ordinary direct-current machine, and said winding is connected to the segments of a commutator c linder 10 in' an appropriate manner.

rushes 11 and 12 bear upon the commutator cylinder=10'and 'are shown interconnected; as by a lead 13', for repulsion operation: of the'mqtor't, the brushes 11 and 12 being appropr ately disposed in an oblique axis with respect to the field windings? and 8 i *While we have thus shown the motor 5 arranged for repulsion-operation, this is merely for the purpose ofillust ration and we equally contemplate the series connection and opera tion of our "motor," if desired. A squirrelcage -'wini :ling I4 is disposed adjacent the 95 as will be 'hereinafter more fully described. Thewindings' 7 and 8 may be donne'ct'edf across suitable singlephase supply mains '15:

- The specific arrangement OI the winnings 9 and 14 is 'shownin' Fig. 2. The stator structure is shown at 1-6 and maybe of. any suitable 'fo'rm'fi The rotor structure is indicated at 17 and com rises a laiminated core memberiprovided jwith slots{18E "Iron bars 20 are sli ped in -the' bottoms ot the slots 18.? Saidars ar suitably 'cohnected by end 14. The winding 9 isarranged w p portions=-of-'the 'slots'19; directly overly ng the iron ba'rs 20] said conimutatedf winding 9 preferably being formed ofcopper'."

-Having thhs' described thestructure of a motor involving our inventiomthe operation thereof is as follows: At startingjthe high inherent :reactance of :.theshort; circuited winding 14 limitsl-Lthe' amount of current flowing in this windings and, furthermore, said current being out of phase with the current in the commut atedi'win'ding does notmaterially increase-the total "current drawn from the line" "Furthermore, the current in the shortcircuited' winding being out of phase with the current inthe commutated winding does not materially reduce the starting torque below the amountlthat would be obtained from the commutated winding alone.

Under running conditions at heavy loads. the sliort'circuited windinL assists the com mutated Winning raising t e'speed figom one v'hie it would otlierwiseheve. A5 il-he load is decreased, the SilO'l'iB-Cilfiilitfid winding-herv ponies less and less-effeqtize until its normal no-load speed; is reaohetl. At lighter loads corresponding to speeds: between the noJdaii' speed of thesqurri el cage winding and we synchronous speed, and $11011;- circuitod winding pxgoduoes b'ut liitle e. eet. For loads conrespondinggo ain of synehronoqas eed o kin-*sqMrml; qggq'windr Lug gaidxwin 'aotggco ,regeoemte. euqgg and to 'relium it to the sys'fnm thus mdocing a renounced bteoldng antmu. Al; no load, jegspeed of the. momma-E es untiLth 11196 tonquqdevalofi djay the commute. M35 13 ilislsaila i yfl i Q'.m; q -'HB pro u gd- By a orb-ems n loot ng finqfibg and n'ifldagq x. poxtio 9f h rm the 11040. 5P mes he hi3 eh m when given the mfl qn= arsl g lfii c mmon-z spwieehegm mg do dew e yo wide range of xmiustn motor apghcalnona,

pmdqcesi. whareiuhhemg zs m .aw'i xlhg idl ng m po-ne opgnatged m adoordonoo m l a im or enmqnt of sh more! A sqmqwhab similar efieeq m the e bow.) may bmp q s m ddgysnmp wg: a sq ir cage winding of hgglilgxzsisbg bufialarg'e ohmic f w will baprmi ca thereby-and, furthermore, the currents In said winding will 'mo more nearly in phaae with .bhe icuo rentiin ,che eonupuhotod minding; bhusmerb ously effecting 2 the zetantingnflorquw of; the mom. anciun uly'enhanoixig theltotoholzamin? current thepeof,

n .order to mslimasiiflieientlreo cmnce in the :short cirouited owinfling, it 'is desirable hot onl thabthoba-MBO boioririeti' ofirou but also that: the-end rihgs;-shown:in.-Fig.=1 he foqnd from magnetic: am-58.1.

While for be'st o mCiQny.:thGaSl10Db-.'Circoiled winding sho -d..-.be mounted =in=blose proximity. to the eomm'utab'ed! w'inding;.as shown ill-Fig. 2, ifi-iSxdeSirablBm fir;.c0nvenience in c0nst'ruchio11,zhha,t the=bafs-20lbe riet'ainedl in position in the slofs 18 independentlyqof the oommutabed winding :and; to this end,:the size of tho-slolsliioy be slightly restricted, as shown aGIQJ-in .3, so that, by slidingthe' bars QOJntoEplace, they may be retained in position.

Under foortam 'eonditions, we? find. it. .pnefemble to employ; sg'uirrcl-Cagerbavsl of-rectangulilr cross-Section as shown at -22 :in Figsgi and 5, the iicmature slot'being shaped accordingly. In Fig. 4, the coniiuctor 29 merely lies in the bottom ofi-thwslot; whcreus, inFig. 5, small retaining fingers 21 m provided in the laminnLions.

mn iing,

It is obvious that, if the squirrel-cage conducboris are lot e in cross-section, Serious hysteresis'hnd d -eurmnc losses moyoccur therein and, to minimize -this effect, the s'ql'lir'iel chige 'cond'uctors may be laminiited, as shpwnjn Figs fi ond T; 1:} Fig. 6, the lnininieate' inthe form oftlansveifseiy disposed plates, as shown at 23 said plates biii'g" 'i6ferobly slightly insuliilfd" from each ophgy pxxdntion or vamish'in The resultani squirrel-cage concluetor is maintained in the bottom-of tljelot by the wind :18.: InJzlm StI'HCtQL8 0LEig.7, the squml e ea? conductor. sliofimat gqtiginthe f qlsm oi a. pndle of m nefi wimse as to he.won-m e thwug li -l m efi and s id bundle b-fxwire retaihodby gm'all flanges 2t -21, osdn; cert i oth r figures.

The, "dinraleeage g ho 'fi oireuiped windmgi a loe sb wni sl li g. h r o @91 dnct ngslemenezin mick. :gpg aitute, gob,-

it m mmy hop ,ensifiijiamtbe n ghee qfi slots Occupied y t e wmimmd Am is arg irmhmris: 'nec ssa yw -ifl sim i flfig spccesiiully o emble squirnelwsagfidm ihgntr cmc'uibemm lag. Under fihesie' conditions, we: may; -pnovigle an manna. strqebure Wiwm n ms'qu rnelrmiw ha: is dis ose -or eixnmple,2in every-lthind slog, thus pifeeamg ahmaterialsmviha in :the construotipn while maintaining. they desired operating character iEtiCS.:

While we have shown our inve ciomin a plumlity oiprefon'ed forms, it will be- .obvillsiz i) iliosolslcilled ih the not that it is susceptible .of wanious minor changes no.1 modific'ations' without-departing from ;the spirit; tbereofo'nd we desire,.therefbro,- that only such' limitations .shalL-bmplaced themupon-o}; z'ueimposod by the prior art .01 15 are specifically indicated in, the .oppenerl claims.

weeclulml as our invention:

.1: In uHsingle-phos, alternating-current. motor, the combination with asl ottd armature oore, of n-squiirel-cage windin including conductors composed of mag'npt c muterialend lying 'ur'the bottom of the slots of said note, and a eommutated .windi'ng immediaiely overlving 'soidsquirrel-cage winding.

2. The. combination with a singlwphasc, fl-lmlllfltiflgrflllrlfiflt moborprovided with u. lield winding; with a slotted armature and with n oommutnted winding lying insaid slots, ofa slxort cii'cuilid wmdin of rel)- Livoly high reactonce as compare with its resistance underlying. said commutatodwind in certain of said slots, thoroaxztancc of 32nd sliorbcii'cuitod wind being suchasfio cause the flux of aid win ing'to belargolIy dephzwed with. respect to the flux of said field winding, whereby the offeobivencsz. pf Sillti eomniutamd winding dozing shooting conditions is only slightly impaired.

3. The combination with a single-phase, alternating-current motor provided with a slotted armature and with a commutated winding lying in said slots, of a short-circuited winding including solid. conductors of magnetizable material underlying said commutated winding in certain of said slots.

4:. A single-phase alternating-current motor of the commutator type comprising an auxiliary short-circuited armature win in including conductors composed entirely o magnetizable material disposed in immediate proximity to the commutated armature winding thereof.

5. The combination with a single-phase, alternating-current motor provided with a field winding, with a slotted armature and with a commutated winding lying in said slots, of a short-circuited winding of relatively high reactance, as compared with its resistance, disposed in immediate proximity to said commutated winding in certain of said slots,. the reactance of said short-circuited windin being such as to cause the flux of said winding to be largely dephased with respect to the flux of said field winding, whereby the effectiveness of said com mutated winding during starting conditions is only slightly impaired.

6. The combination with a single-phase,- alternating-current motor provided with a slotted armature and with a commutated winding lying in said slots, of a short-circuited winding including solid conductors of magnetizable material disposed in immediate proximity to said commutated winding in certain of said slots.

7. The combination with a single-phase, alternating-current motor of the commutator type provided with a slotted armature and with a winding lying in said slots and connected to the commutator, of a closedcircuit winding of magnetizable material underlylng said commutated winding in certain of said slots, the major portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said closed-circuit winding during the starting operation.

8. A single-phase alternating-current motor of the commutator type comprising an auxiliary closed-circuit armature winding of magnetizable material disposed in immediate proximity to the commutated armature winding thereof, the major portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said closed circuit winding during the starting operation.

9. A single-phase, repulsion motor provided with an armature member, includmg the combination with a commutated winding carried by said armature member, of a short'circuited winding'of relatively high reactance, as compared with its resistance, carried by said armature member, the ma or portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said short-circuited winding during the starting operation, the reactance of said short-circuited winding being such as to cause the flux of said winding to be largely dephased with respect to said working flux, whereby the effectiveness of said commutated winding during starting conditions is only slightly impaired.

10. A single-phase, repulsion motor provided with an armature member, including the combination with a commutated winding carried by said armature member, of a short-circuited winding including conductors of magnetizable material carried by said armature member, the major portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said short-circuited winding during the starting operation.

11.- An alternating-current, commutator motor provided with an armature member, including the combination with a commu- 'tated winding carried by said armature member, of a short-circuited winding of relatively high reactance, as compared with its resistance, carried by said armature mem her, the major portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said short-circuited winding durin the startin operation, the

' reactance of said short-circuited windin bein such as to cause the flux of said win in to be largely dephased with respect to said working flux, whereby the elfectiveness of said commutated winding during starting conditions is only slightly impaired.

12. An alternating-current, commutator motor provided with an armature member, including the combination with a commutated winding carried "by said armature member, of a short-circuited winding including conductors of magnetizable material carried by said armature member, the major portion of the working flux of said motor cutting said short-circuited winding during the starting operation.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names this 31st day of July,

GEORGE H. GARCELON. CLIFFORD A. M. WEBER. 

